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Illustration d'enfants jouant ensemble à l'intérieur.

Our team at the ABCs Laboratory has conducted several studies related to concussions in children, particularly young children. 

Jama Network
Postconcussive Symptoms After Early Childhood Concussion

This study highlights the presence of lasting symptoms in children aged 6 months to 6 years who have sustained a concussion.

academic.oup
“What If?”: Caregivers’ Experiences Following Early Childhood Concussion

This study focuses on the experience of parents after their young child sustains concussion.  

The british psychological society
Investigating social functioning after early mild TBI: The quality of parent–child interactions 

This study documents the quality of interactions between parents and children following a mild traumatic brain injury. This research relies on observational assessment methods and parent reports in children aged 18 to 60 months. 

The Lancet
Improving outcome after paediatric concussion: challenges and possibilities

This literature review provides an overview of challenges in prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention, as well as future directions to improve the outcomes of concussions in children.

academic.oup.com
Changes in children’s behavior after early mild traumatic brain injury 

This study investigates the presence of persistent behavioral changes in children who sustained mild traumatic brain injury between the ages of 18 and 60 months.

To consult other relevant research on concussions in young children around the world  

Crowe L.M., Rausa, V.C., Anderson, V. et al. (2024). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics and Symptoms in Preschool Children: How Do They Differ to School Age Children? A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 105, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2023.08.008

Rose, S. C., Levine, D. A., Shi, J., Wheeler, K., Aungst, T., Stanley, R. M., & Beauchamp, M. H. (2023). Emergency department visits for mild traumatic brain injury in early childhood. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 65, 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2022.12.035
Keenan, H. T., Clark, A., Holubkov, R., & Ewing-Cobbs, L. (2023). Longitudinal Developmental Outcomes of Infants and Toddlers With Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA Network Open, 6(1), e2251195. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51195
Yumul, J.N., Crowe, L., Catroppa, C. et al. (2022). Post-concussive Signs and Symptoms in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review. Neuropsycholy Review, 32, 631–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09518-z  
Podolak, O. E., Chaudhary, S., Haarbauer-Krupa, J., Metzger, K. B., Curry, A. E., Kessler, R. S., Pfeiffer, M. R., Breiding, M. J., Master, C. L., & Arbogast, K. B. (2021). Characteristics of Diagnosed Concussions in Children 0-4 Years of Age Presenting to a Large Pediatric Healthcare Network. Pediatric emergency care37(12), e1652‑e1657. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000002148 
Salley, J., Crook, L., Ciccia, A., Haarbauer-Krupa, J., & Lundine, J. P. (2020). Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children : A Scoping Review. Seminars in Speech and Language41(2), 125‑142. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701682  
Haarbauer-Krupa, J., King, T. Z., Wise, J., Gillam, S., Trapani, J., Weissman, B., & DePompei, R. (2019). Early Elementary School Outcome in Children With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury Before Age 6 Years. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 34(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000414
Haarbauer-Krupa, J., Haileyesus, T., Gilchrist, J. et al. (2019).  Fall-related traumatic brain injury in children ages 0–4 years. Journal of Safety Research, 70, 127-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2019.06.003.
Lundine, J. P., Ciccia, A. H., & Brown, J. (2019). The Speech-Language Pathologists’ Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Early Childhood–, Preschool–, and Elementary School–Age Children : Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology28(3), 1371‑1376. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_AJSLP-18-0295 
Bernard, C., McKinlay, A., Krieser, D., Testa, R., & Ponsford, A. J. (2017). Acute post-concussive symptoms in young children. Brain Injury, 31(11), 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1350999
Burrows, P., Trefan, L., Houston, R., Hughes, J., Pearson, G., Edwards, R. J., Hyde, P., Maconochie, I., Parslow, R. C., & Kemp, A. M. (2015). Head injury from falls in children younger than 6 years of age. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(11), 1032–1037. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307119
Crowe, L. M., Catroppa, C., Babl, F. E., & Anderson, V. (2013). Executive function outcomes of children with traumatic brain injury sustained before three years. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence, 19(2), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2011.651079
Kaldoja, M.-L., & Kolk, A. (2012). Social-emotional behaviour in infants and toddlers with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 26(7–8), 1005–1013. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2012.660516
Ibrahim, N. G., & Margulies, S. S. (2010). Biomechanics of the toddler head during low-height falls : An anthropomorphic dummy analysis: Laboratory investigation. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics6(1), 57‑68. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.PEDS09357 
McKinlay, A., Grace, R. C., Horwood, L. J., Fergusson, D. M., & MacFarlane, M. R. (2010). Long-term behavioural outcomes of pre-school mild traumatic brain injury. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00947.x
DeMatteo, C. A., Hanna, S. E., Mahoney, W. J., Hollenberg, R. D., Scott, L. A., Law, M. C., Newman, A., Lin, C.-Y. A., & Xu, L. (2010). “My Child Doesn’t Have a Brain Injury, He Only Has a Concussion”. Pediatrics125(2), 327‑334. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2720 
Anderson, V., Catroppa, C., Morse, S., Haritou, F., & Rosenfeld, J. V. (2009). Intellectual outcome from preschool traumatic brain injury: A 5-year prospective, longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 124(6), e1064-1071. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0365